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Baltimore City College, colloquially referred to as "City College", "City", "The Castle on the Hill", and "B.C.C." is a public college-preparatory magnet school that offers the International Baccalaureate Programme and Advanced Placement courses. Admission to the school is competitive and 99% of graduates attend college, including the more than 90% who attend four-year universities.〔http://www.principals.org/portals/0/content/52214.pdf〕 Located in northeast Baltimore, Maryland, USA, the school's curriculum features the "IB Middle Years Programme" and the "IB Diploma Programme," making Baltimore City College one of just six secondary schools in Maryland—public or private—to offer a four-year International Baccalureate curriculum.〔http://www.ibmidatlantic.org/MD.html〕 Upon successful completion of the school's academic program, students are awarded the Baltimore City College Certificate in addition to the diploma conferred by the Maryland State Department of Education. Authorized by the Baltimore City Council in March 1839 as the flagship school of the then-decade-old Baltimore City Public Schools system and as the first high school in the state of Maryland, Baltimore City College is the third oldest continuously public high school in the United States. Throughout its 175-year history, the school has emphasized study in the classics, humanities, social sciences, and the liberal arts and has long maintained a strong academic tradition. ''U.S. News & World Report'' in 2014 ranked Baltimore City College among the top four percent of all American public secondary schools in its annual "Best High Schools in the United States" report. The school earned a "Silver Medal" award and was rated as one of the top public high schools in Maryland in the same report.〔http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools〕 The ''Washington Post'' included B.C.C. in its list of "America’s Most Challenging High Schools" in 2015.〔http://baltimorecitycollege.us/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=270307&type=d〕 The school has also been listed in ''Newsweek's'' "America's Best High Schools" rankings. Baltimore City College was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the U.S. Department of Education in 2000. The school's list of notable alumni is long and illustrious. That list includes a Nobel Prize Laureate, Pulitzer Prize winners, a Wolf Prize recipient, a Marshall Scholar, Rhodes Scholars, Truman Scholars, Fulbright Scholars, and National Merit Scholars. Leaders in business, like the founders of prominent American corporations Abercrombie & Fitch, London Fog, and McCormick Spice Company, are Baltimore City College alumni. Many political leaders, including three current members of the United States Congress—one U.S. Senator and two U.S. Representatives—are B.C.C. graduates.〔http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/C000141〕 Additionally, several Governors of Maryland, Mayors of Baltimore, and Baltimore City Council and Maryland General Assembly members are among the school's many graduates.〔http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa12049.html〕〔http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa11632.html〕 == History == (詳細はBaltimore City Council on March 7, 1839.〔Steiner (1894), p. 207.〕 Accordingly, the Board of School Commissioners rented a townhouse structure on a small narrow by-way of what was then called Courtland Street (now on the east side of Saint Paul Street/Place. The High School, as it was first called, opened its doors on October 20, 1839, with 46 students and one teacher/professor, Nathan C. Brooks (1809–1898), who also served as first principal. The school moved several times and was housed in three different locations in its first three years before returning again to the original townhouse building on Courtland Street. Finally, in 1843, the City Council allocated $23,000 to acquire the vacant old landmark Assembly Rooms structure at the northeastern corner of East Fayette and Holliday Streets for the school. The famous Assembly Rooms also served as the intellectual and educational center of town, with the upper floors holding rooms where the new Library Company of Baltimore and the later Mercantile Library were located for several years. In 1850, the City Council granted the Board of School Commissioners the right to confer graduates of the decade old high school with certificates of graduation, and the following year the school held its first commencement ceremony.〔Steiner (1894), p. 209.〕 In 1865, in accordance with a recommendation from the Board of Commissioners of the Baltimore City Public Schools, the school began offering a five-year track, as part of a process aimed at elevating the school to the status of a college so that it could grant its graduates baccalaureate degrees. The following year, on October 9, 1866, the school was renamed "The Baltimore City College" (BCC) by the City Council. The Council failed to take any further action, and although the school changed nominally, it was never granted the power to confer Bachelor of Arts degrees.〔Steiner (1894), p. 218.〕 The building on Fayette and Holliday Streets had been in a state of decline for two decades. It was not until 1873, when a fire spread from the Holliday Street Theater to the "Assembly Rooms", that the City Council dedicated the resources to erect a new building for City College. A lot was acquired on North Howard Street opposite West Centre Street and the Council allocated $150,000 for the construction of the new building designed by Baltimore architect Edmund G. Lind.〔Steiner (1894), p. 220.〕 The new English Gothic revival-styled building faced east on Howard Street and was dedicated on February 1, 1875. The school moved in the following week.〔Steiner (1894), p. 221.〕 The Tudor Gothic building which housed the school was undermined, in 1892, by the construction of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tunnel from Camden Street Station to Mount Royal Station and collapsed. In 1895, a new larger structure, designed in the Romanesque style by the noted local architects Baldwin & Pennington, was erected on the same site, only facing the Centre Street northern side. This new building quickly became overcrowded and an annex was established on 26th Street. The addition did not help with the increase in school-aged youth beginning to attend City College by World War I. During the 1920s, alumni began a campaign to provide the school with a more suitable building, and, in 1926, ground was broken for a massive Collegiate Gothic stone castle on Collegian Hill at 33rd Street and The Alameda. This new structure cost almost $3 million and officially opened April 10, 1928.〔Leonhart (1939), p. 20.〕 The school began admitting African American students following the landmark ruling ''Brown v. Board of Education''. In September 1954, enrolled at City College. The school board also sent two African American men, Eugene Parker and Pierre H. Davis, to teach at the school in 1956. Parker taught at City College for 30 years. Davis taught for one year, but returned as the school's first black principal in 1971.〔Daneker (1988), p. 38.〕 In 1978, at the urging of concerned alumni, City College underwent its first major capital renovations. When the campus reopened, the high school welcomed women for the first time. The all-male tradition did not end easily; alumni had argued for the uniqueness of a single-sex educational system and convinced the task force studying the issue to vote 11–6 in favor of keeping the all-male tradition. The Board of School Commissioners, in a reversal, voted to admit women citing constitutional concerns.〔Daneker (1988), p. 58.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baltimore City College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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